世界上最早的儿歌集,英国民间童谣,黑童话。
部分较出名,被应用于童谣杀人推理。
选择一些能看得懂的记录一下。
Lizzie Borden
里兹·波顿
Lizzie Borden took an axe,
Hit her father forty whacks.
When she saw what she had done,
She hit her mother forty-one.
里兹·波顿拿起斧头
打了她爸爸四十下
当她看见自己所做的一切
她又打了她妈妈四十一下
1893年美国的麻萨诸塞州,32岁的里兹·波顿在家中拿起斧头杀害了自己的父亲和继母,手段残忍。在19世纪的美国引起轩然大波。如今事发的那间屋子成为了博物馆,而里兹杀人事件到现在还是研究的对象,还被拍成电影等。在网上可以找到不少相关的资料。
Who killed Cock Robin
谁杀死了知更鸟
Who killed Cock Robin?
I, said the Sparrow,
With my bow and arrow,
I killed Cock Robin.
谁杀死了知更鸟?
我,麻雀说,
用我的弓和箭,
我杀了知更鸟。
Who saw him die?
I, said the Fly,
With my little eye,
I saw him die.
谁看见他死去?
我,苍蝇说,
用我的小眼睛,
我看见他死去。
Who caught his blood?
I, said the Fish,
With my little dish,
I caught his blood.
谁取走了他的血?
我,鱼说,
用我的小碟子,
我取走了他的血。
Who’ll make his shroud?
I, said the Bettle,
With my thread and needle,
I’ll make the shroud.
谁来为他制丧衣?
我,甲虫说,
用我的针和线,
我来为他制丧衣。
Who’ll dig his grave?
I, said the Owl,
With my pick and shovel,
I’ll dig his grave.
谁来为他挖坟墓?
我,猫头鹰说,
用我的锄和铲
我来为他挖坟墓。
Who’ll be the parson?
I, said the Rook,
With my little book,
I’ll be the parson.
谁来当他的牧师?
我,乌鸦说,
用我的小册子,
我来当他的牧师。
Who’ll be the clerk?
I, said the Lark,
If it’s not in the dark,
I’ll be the clerk.
谁来做他的执事?
我,云雀说,
如果不是在黑暗中,
我来做他的执事。
Who’ll carry the link?
I, said the Linnet,
I’ll fetch it in a minute,
I’ll carry the link.
谁来秉持火把?
我,红雀说,
我马上就把它拿来,
我来秉持火把。
Who’ll be the chief mourner?
I, said the Dove,
I mourn for my love,
I’ll be chief mourner.
谁来充当主祭?
我,鸽子说,
我来悼念我的爱人,
我来充当主祭。
Who’ll carry the coffin?
I, said the Kite,
If it’s not through the night,
I’ll carry the coffin.
谁来扶灵?
我,鸢说。
如果不走夜路,
我将扶灵。
Who’ll bear the pall?
We, said the Wren,
Both the cock and the hen,
We’ll bear the pall.
谁来负责棺罩?
我们,鹪鹩说,
夫妇俩一起,
我们来负责棺罩。
Who’ll sing a psalm?
I, said the Thrush,
As she sat on a bush,
I’ll sing a psalm.
谁来吟唱圣歌?
我,画眉说,
她停坐在灌木上,
我来吟唱圣歌。
Who’ll toll the bell?
I, said the Bull,
Because I can pull,
I’ll toll the bell.
谁来敲响丧钟?
我,公牛说,
因为我能够拉,
我来敲响丧钟。
All the birds of the air
Fell a-sighing and a-sobbing,
When they heard the bell toll
For poor Cock Robin.
空中所有的鸟
叹息并且悲哀
当他们听到丧钟响起
为了可怜的知更鸟。
NOTICE
To all it concerns,
This notice apprises,
The Sparrow’s for trial,
At next bird assizes.
启事
关系人请注意,
这则启事通知,
下回鸟儿审判,
麻雀将受审判。
备注: 收录于《谁杀了知更鸟》
S.S.范达因在 1928 年出版的著名推理小说“The Bishop Murder Case”(中译为主教杀人事件)中即引用了这首与其余两首鹅妈妈童谣。
When a good King Arthur rule this land
当亚瑟王统治这片土地的时候
When good King Arthur ruled this land,
He was a goodly king;
He stole three pecks of barley-meal
To make a bag-pudding.
当亚瑟王统治这片土地的时候
他是一位优秀的国王
为了做一个布丁
他偷了三袋大麦粗粉
A bag-pudding the king did make,
And stuffed it well with plum;
And in it put great lumps of fat,
As big as my two thumbs.
国王做的大布丁
塞满了李子干
还放进了一块大奶油
像我的两个拇指那么大
The king and queen did eat thereof,
And noblemen beside;
And what they could not eat that night,
The queen next morning fried.
国王和皇后吃了该吃的那份
吃了身边贵族们的那份,
还吃了那天晚上不该吃的那份,
第二天早上皇后被油煎了
备注:出自《少年的孵化声音》-《布丁小姐的悲剧》
世上留传著许多关于亚瑟王的精彩故事,以及英勇的圆桌武士的传奇。他大约是在一千五百年前统治英国,打了许多场胜仗。但历史上是否存在这位王还有待查证。这首关于亚瑟王的童谣揭示了古代王族中的残忍吧。
Solomon Grundy
所罗门·格朗迪
Solomon Grundy,
Born on a Monday,
Christened on Tuesday,
Married on Wednesday,
Took ill on Thursday,
Worse on Friday,
Died on Saturday,
Buried on Sunday.
This is the end
Of Solomon Grundy.
所罗门·格朗迪
星期一(月曜日)出生
星期二(火曜日)受洗
星期三(水曜日)结婚
星期四(木曜日)生病
星期五(金曜日)病危
星期六(土曜日)死亡
星期天(日曜日)埋葬
这就是
所罗门·格朗迪的一生
备注: 出自《God Child vol 5》- 《周日的所罗门·格朗迪》
这个算是《God Child》里的一个特别短篇。把人的一生所会经历到的事融汇在这个短短的童谣里——一个星期里的7天。
There was a lady all skin and bone
从前有个皮包骨的女人
There was a lady all skin and bone,
Sure such a lady was never known:
It happened upon a certain day,
This lady went to church to pray.
从前有个皮包骨的女人,
当然你从没听说过这样的女人:
一切发生在某一天,
这位女士去教堂作祷告。
When she came to the church stile,
There she did rest a little while;
When she came to the church yard,
There the hells so loud she heard.
当她来到教堂阶梯,
她停了一小会;
当她来到教堂墓园,
她听见地狱的呻吟声是如此响亮。
When she came to the church door,
She stopped to rest a little more;
When she came the church within,
The parson prayed ‘gainst pride and sin.
当她来到教堂的门口,
她又停了一会;
当她进入教堂,
牧师正抗拒着虚荣与罪恶作着祷告。
On looking up, on looking down,
She saw a dead man on the ground;
And from his nose unto his chin,
The worms crawled out,
the worms crawled in.
上看,下看,
她看见一个死人躺在地上;
从他的鼻子到下巴,
蛆们爬出,
蛆们蠕进。
Then she unto the parson said,
Shall I be so when I am dead?
O yes!
O yes, the parson said,
You will be so when you are dead.
然后她对牧师说,
我死后会变成这样吗?
噢,是的!
噢,是的,牧师说道,
你死后就会变成这样。
There was a man, a very untidy man
从前有个男子
There was a man,
a very untidy man,
Whose fingers could nowhere to be fonud
to put in his tomb.
He had rolled his head far underneath the bed;
He had left his legs
and arms lying all over the room.
从前有个男子
一个没出息的男子
他的手指到处找不到
懒得动手把他埋在坟墓里。
他把头滚落到床下
四肢散落在房间里。
Crooked man
性格扭曲的人
There was a crooked man,
and he walked a crooked mile,
He found a crooked sixpence
against a crooked stile;
He bought a crooked cat,
which caught a crooked mouse,
And they all lived together in a little crooked house.
有个性格扭曲的人
走在一条长一里的扭曲的路上
手里那着扭曲的六便士
踏在扭曲的台阶上
他买了一只扭曲的猫
猫捉了一只扭曲的老鼠
他们一起住在扭曲的小房子里
备注: 出自《God Child vol.1》-《Crooked man》
此首童谣很明显的描述一名精神失常的男子,他与他身边的事物皆是「扭曲」的,歌词描述的十分贴近现实精神疾病患者的模样,以第三人称的角度,来看待他的生活与身边的事物,以「扭曲」代表与正常人生活相反的一面。
在黑暗的时代中,压力过大以致于精神失常或发疯的人不在少数,以现代来说,患有精神疾病的人其实也不少,他们的生活是「扭曲」的,在我们的眼里看起来他们也是「扭曲」的一群人,所以用「crook」(扭曲)来连贯这整首歌词是非常贴切的。
Baa, Baa, Black sheep
黑羊
Baa, baa, black sheep,
Have you any wool ?
Yes, sir, yes, sir,
Three bags full;
One for the master,
And one for the dame,
And one for the little boy
Who lives down the lane.
咩,咩,黑羊,
你有羊毛吗?
是的,先生,是的,先生,
三袋满满的
一袋给主人
一袋给夫人
还有一袋给那个
住在街尾的小男孩
备注: 出自《God Child vol.1》-《Black sheep》
在最早的时候,最后一句是:什么都没有给小男孩。童谣里“master”指的是国王,“dame”指的是贵族,“little boy”即是最底层的平民。揭示了上流社会的有钱人对底层人的压迫和榨取。
Sing a song of sixpence
唱一首六便士的歌
Sing a song of sixpence,
A pocket full of rye;
Four and twenty blackbirds,
Baked in a pie.
唱一首六便士的歌,
慢慢一袋的黑麦;
24只黑鸟,
烤在派中
When the pie was opened,
The birds began to sing;
Was not that a dainty dish,
To set before the king ?
当派被打开,
鸟儿们开始歌唱;
这是多么美味的菜肴,
摆放在国王面前?
The king was in his counting-house,
Counting out his money;
The queen was in the parlour,
Eating bread and honey.
国王在他的金库里,
清点他的财富;
皇后在大厅里,
吃着面包和蜂蜜。
The maid was in the garden,
Hanging out the clothes,
There came a little blackbird,
And snapped off her nose.
女仆在花园里,
晾着刚洗的衣服,
来了只小黑鸫,
突然啄下她的鼻子。
备注: 出自《God Child vol.2》-《Bloodberry jam》
这首童谣大约是17世纪中叶在民间出现,但在更早些时候似乎就有了迹象,在莎士比亚的《第12夜》中有这样的一句话:Come on, there is sixpence for you; let’s have a song. 1614年,在包蒙(Beaumont 1584-1616)和佛勒契(John Fletcher 1579-1625)合作的一部作品中有这样的一句:Whoa, here’s a stir now! Sing a song of sixpence!在这首童谣中,皇帝指的是英国都铎王朝的第二代国王亨利八世(HenryⅧ,1509-1547),他的残暴乖戾在历代君主中是很突出的,拥有6位妻子并处决了2位而闻名。童谣中的女王指的是凯瑟琳(Catherine of Aragon),她是西班牙阿拉贡国王斐迪南二世的女儿,曾经是亨利七世的妻子,亨利八世的第一任妻子,但是由于她没有为亨利生下皇子,渐渐导致亨利对她的冷淡,但又由于教会的原因使之迟迟不能废后。“皇后在大厅里吃着面包和蜂蜜”这句算是影射了当时凯瑟琳被冷落的情形吧。在那时亨利看中了安妮·博林(Anne Boleyn, 1507?–1516),她是托马斯·博林爵士和伊丽莎白·霍华德郡主的小女儿,也就是他的第2任妻子–童谣中的那个侍女。然而她也没有为亨利生下儿子,又由于她天生的生理缺陷和一些政治因素,安妮被控告与5个男人通奸,其中包括与她的亲兄弟乔治·伯林通奸——乱伦的罪行被关进伦敦塔,随后于1536年5月19日被处决,成为第一个被处决的王后。这也就是“来了只小黑鸫,突然啄下她的鼻子”的来历吧。童谣中的“派”和“24只黑鸫”分别是指格拉斯顿堡的管理人,和他所赠送给亨利八世的圣诞礼物。
这首童谣则被引用到阿加莎·克里斯蒂的令一部小说《黑麦奇案》 (A Pocket Full of Rye),这个案件本身并没有什么特别,吸引人的独到之处是它的天才般的杀人手法和意想不到的凶手。
There was an old man
从前有个老人
There was an old man
And he had a calf
And that’s half
从前有个老人
他养了一头小牛
现在说到一半
He took him out of the stall
And put his on the wall
And that’s all
老人把小牛带出牛舍
再把它系在墙上
这就是全部
备注:出自《Mad tea party》《Scold’s Bridle》《Zigeunerweisen》《Mortician’s daughter》《Little Miss Muffet》《Bloody Maria》《Castrato》《ユダの接吻》《エディプスの刃》《Misericorde》每一章的最后一句”And that’s all”出自于此。
What are little boys made of ?
小男孩是由什么做的?
What are little boys made of ?
Frogs and snails
And puppy-dogs’ tails,
小男孩是由什么做的?
青蛙和蜗牛
还有小狗的尾巴
What are little girls made of ?
Sugar and spice
And all that’s nice.
小女孩是由什么做的?
糖和香料
都是那么的美好呀
备注:出自《God Child vol.4》-《Bloody Maria》
这是吉倍尔医生回忆小时候时出现的。放在这章里的具体用意觉得很隐晦。小男孩是由什么做的?好象就是在质问吉倍尔的存在一样。
Simple Simon
无知的西蒙
Simple Simon met a pieman
Going to the fair;
Says Simple Simon to the pieman,
“Let me taste your ware.”
无知的西蒙遇见一个卖派的商人
正要赶往集市;
无知的西蒙对卖派的商人说:
“让我尝尝你的东西。 ”
Says the pieman to Simple Simon,
“Show me first your penny.”
Says Simple Simon to the pieman,
“Indeed I have not any.”
商人对无知的西蒙说:
“先让我看看你的便士吧。”
无知的西蒙对商人说:
“其实我身无分文。”
He went to catch a dickeybird,
And thought he could not fail,
Because he’d got a little salt,
To put upon his tail.
他去抓小鸟,
并认为自己不会失败,
因为他有一把盐,
撒在它的尾巴上。
He went to take a bird’s nest,
Was built upon a bough;
The branch gave way and Simon fell
Into a dirty slough.
他去取小鸟的窝,
那个筑在一根大树枝上的鸟窝;
树枝断了西蒙掉下来
落在肮脏的泥沼里。
He went to shoot a wild duck,
But wild duck flew away;
Say Simon, I can’t hit him,
Because he will not stay.
他去打野鸭,
但是野鸭飞走了;
西蒙说,我打不中它,
因为他不呆在那里。
Simple Simon went a-fishing,
For to catch a whale;
All the water he had got
Was in his mother’s pail.
无知的西蒙去钓鱼,
想要钓一条鲸鱼;
然而他所拥有的水
都在妈妈的水桶里。
Simple Simon went a-hunting,
For to catch a hare;
He rode an ass about the streets,
But couldn’t find one there.
无知的西蒙去打猎,
想要打中一只野兔;
他骑着驴穿过街道,
那里找不到一只野兔。
He went for to eat honey,
Out of the mustard pot;
He bit his tongue until he cried,
That was all the good he got.
他去吃蜂蜜,
从一只餐桌上的芥末罐子;
他咬着自己的舌头直到哭出来,
这就是他吃到的全部。
He went to ride a spotted cow
That had a little calf;
She threw him down upon the ground,
Which made the people laugh.
他去骑头花斑牛
可母牛还有头小牛;
母牛甩他在地上,
惹的人们笑哈哈。
Once Simon made a great snowball,
And brought it in to roast;
He laid it down before the fire,
And soon the ball was lost.
一次西蒙做了个大雪球,
把它带回来烤一烤;
把它放在火前面,
雪球一会儿不见了。
He went to slide upon the ice
Before the ice would bear;
Then he plunged in above his knees,
Which made poor Simon stare.
他到冰上去滑冰
在冰还能支撑前;
接着他陷入水中直到膝盖,
可怜的西蒙睁大了眼。
He washed himself with blacking ball,
Because he had no soap;
Then said unto his mother,
“I’m a beauty now, I hope.”
他用黑色的鞋油来洗澡,
因为他没有肥皂;
然后他对妈妈说:
“我现在很漂亮,我希望。”
Simple Simon went to look
If plum grew on a thistle;
He pricked his fingers very much,
Which made poor Simon whistle.
无知的西蒙去看看
李子是不是长在蓟上;
手被刺伤了好几次,
可怜的西蒙唿哨着。
He went for water in a sieve,
But soon it all ran through.
And now poor Simple Simon
Bids you all adieu.
他用筛网取水,
但是水很快就漏光了。
可怜而又无知的西蒙啊
永远地再见了
备注: 出自《God Child vol.8》-《Godless》
最后一章的最后一句”Bids you all adieu”因该就是出自这首童谣吧。”Bids you all adieu”可以理解为“永别”的意思。“bid”是在这里是“吩咐,告诉”的意思。”adieu”是从法语衍生而来的。”adieu”是“再见,辞别”的意思。从中古英语”adew”变化而来,这个词又是从古代法语”adieu”(à + dieu)来的,意义为“献身于神”,”dieu”是“神”的意思。综合起来看,就可以理解为“永别”的意思了。哎……也就是说该隐的故事再也不会有了,那是最终的了。他带着优雅的微笑,Bids you all adieu.
Three Blind Mice
三只瞎眼的老鼠
Three blind mice! See how they run!
They all ran after the farmer’s wife,
Who cut off their tails with a carving knife.
Did you ever see such a thing in your life
As three blind mice?
三只瞎眼的老鼠!看它们跑的方式!
它们追着农夫的老婆,
她用餐刀切了它们的尾巴。
你这辈子见过像这样的东西吗?
和三只瞎眼的老鼠一样。
这首童谣后来被引用到侦探小说女王之称的阿加莎·克里斯蒂的剧本,又译为《捕鼠器》《The Mousetrap》是阿加莎·克里斯蒂最著名的舞台剧,从1952年11月25日开始,每晚上演连续50余年、20000多场至今不衰,每晚都在创造新的世界纪录。
Ten Little Nigger Boys Went Out To Dine
十个小黑人
Ten little nigger boys went out to dine;
One choked his little self, and then there were nine.
Nine little nigger boys sat up very late;
One overslept himself, and then there were eight.
十个小黑人出外用膳;
一个噎死还剩九个。
九个小黑人熬夜到很晚;
一个睡过头还剩八个。
Eight little nigger boys travelling in Devon;
One said he’d stay there, and then there were seven.
Seven little nigger boys chopping up sticks;
One chopped himself in half, and then there were six.
八个小黑人在到丹文游玩;
一个说要留在那儿还剩七个。
七个小黑人在砍柴;
一个把自己砍成两半还剩六个。
Six little nigger boys playing with a hive;
A bumble-bee stung one, and then there were five.
Five little nigger boys going in for law;
One got in chancery, and then there were four.
六个小黑人玩蜂窝;
一只黄蜂叮住一个还剩五个。
五个小黑人进入法院;
一个被留下还剩四个。
Four little nigger boys going out to sea;
A red herring swallowed one, and then there were three.
Three little nigger boys walking in the Zoo;
A big bear bugged one, and then there were two.
四个小黑人到海边;
一条红鲱鱼吞下一个还剩三个。
三个小黑人走进动物园里;
一只大熊抓走一个还剩两个。
Two little nigger boys sitting in the sun;
One got frizzled up, and then there was one.
One little nigger boy living all alone;
He got married, and then there were none.
两个小黑人坐在太阳下;
一个热死只剩一个。
一个小黑人觉得好寂寞;
他上吊后一个也不剩。
中国诗歌版本:
十个印地安小男孩,为了吃饭去奔走;噎死一个没法救,十个只剩九。
九个印地安小男孩,深夜不寐真困乏;倒头一睡睡死啦,九个只剩八。
八个印地安小男孩,德文城里去猎奇;丢下一个命归西,八个只剩七。
七个印地安小男孩,伐树砍枝不顺手;斧劈两半一命休,七个只剩六。
六个印地安小男孩,玩弄蜂房惹蜂怒;飞来一蛰命呜呼,六个只剩五。
五个印地安小男孩,惹是生非打官司;官司缠身直到死,五个只剩四。
四个印地安小男孩,结伙出海遭大难;青鱼吞吃血斑斑,四个只剩三。
三个印地安小男孩,动物园里遭祸殃;狗熊突然从天降,三个只剩两。
两个印地安小男孩,太阳底下长叹息;晒死烤死悲戚戚,两个只剩一。
一个印地安小男孩,归去来兮只一人;悬梁自尽了此生,一个也不剩。
歌词描述原有十个小黑人,经过了许多波折,使得原本在一起的他们最后只剩一个人,剩下的那个小黑人觉得非常寂寞,便上吊自杀了。这也可以喻为原本为劳工阶级的一群人,在中产阶级、资本主义残酷的压迫后,渐渐的凋零,到了最后一个也不留。
知名的推理小说家,拥有”谋杀天后”之称的 Agatha?Christie(阿嘉莎.克莉丝蒂),也曾以这首童谣为背景写出了〝And Then There Were None〞(中译名为《无人生还》)此本小说。
另附上和本首很像的《兔子童谣》,也有说《兔子童谣》也是出于《鹅妈妈童谣》,但是个人认为应该是由《鹅妈妈童谣》引申再创作的作品。
大兔子病了,
二兔子瞧,
三兔子买药,
四兔子熬,
五兔子死了,
六兔子抬,
七兔子挖坑,
八兔子埋,
九兔子坐在地上哭泣来,
十兔子问它为什么哭?
九兔子说,
五兔子一去不回来!
As White As Milk
像牛奶一样白
As white as milk,
And not milk;
As green as grass,
And not grass;
As red as blood,
And not blood;
As black as soot,
And not soot.
像牛奶一样白,
而不是牛奶;
像青草一样绿,
而不是青草;
像鲜血一样红,
而不是鲜血;
像煤烟一样黑,
而不是煤烟。
BAT 蝙蝠
Bat,Bat,Come Under My Hat
Bat, bat, come under my hat,
And I’ll give you a slice of bacon;
And when I bake,
I’ll give you a cake,
If I am not mistaken.
蝙蝠,蝙蝠,来我的帽子下,
我会分给你一片熏肉,
而当我烘焙食物,
我会分给你一块蛋糕,
如果我没有犯错。
Butterfly,Butterfly 蝴蝶
Butterfly, butterfly,
Whence do you come?
I know not, I ask not,
Nor ever had a home.
Butterfly, butterfly,
Where do you go?
Where the sun shines,
And where the buds grow.
蝴蝶,蝴蝶,
你来自何方?
我不知道,我不问,
从来就没有一个家。
蝴蝶,蝴蝶,
你要去何方?
太阳闪耀的地方,
蓓蕾成长的地方。
Cut Thistles In May 五月割蓟
Cut thistles in May,
They’ll grow in a day;
Cut them in June,
That is too soon;
Cut them in July,
Then they will die.
五月割蓟,
他们一天就长;
六月割蓟,
那会太快;
七月割蓟,
他们死亡。